All-in-One Water What are the main performance requirements? Let's analyze them together below.

　　(1) Appearance requirements for water-based paint: The paint liquid should be a uniform, transparent liquid—free from cloudiness, milky sheen, and mechanical impurities—and the resulting paint film must be smooth and evenly textured.

　　(2) Viscosity of water-based coatings: Lacquers must be formulated at an appropriate viscosity to ensure good adhesion, penetration, and paint application.

　　(3) The solid content of water-based coatings: In varnishes, the non-volatile components are collectively referred to as "solid content," which varies depending on the specific type. Typically, solid content ranges from 30% to 60%, with higher solid-content varnishes resulting in thicker coating films.

　　(4) The drying time of water-based coatings refers to the period required for a viscous liquid to transform into a solid film. To conserve energy and enhance efficiency, it is crucial to actively promote paints that dry quickly and cure at lower temperatures.

　　(5) The ability of standing water to form a thick, solid layer: The thick layer must dry evenly, without bubbles or cracks, and remain soft—almost rubbery to the touch.

　　(6) Requirements for the elasticity of water-based coatings: The varnish must exhibit good flexibility (i.e., elasticity) and adhesion—neither too brittle nor excessively rigid. The paint film should remain intact without cracking, and the layers must not peel off.

　　(7) Requirements for the corrosion resistance of water-based coatings: The clear coat should exhibit excellent resistance to water, oil, internal attack by fire-resistant chemicals, moisture, mold growth, salt spray, and thermal shock.

　　(8) Good Mechanical Strength: The clear coat must exhibit high mechanical strength. This means it should have excellent adhesion, strong viscosity, and good resistance to mechanical impact.

　　(9) Storage Stability: The varnish exhibits good stability during storage, with viscosity increasing at a moderate rate. Generally, solvent-based varnishes sealed for room-temperature storage should remain stable for up to 6 months. Solvent-free paints are typically supplied in potted or single-pack formats; when stored under refrigerated conditions, their shelf life can extend beyond 3 months at temperatures below 20°C. At room temperature, however, the shelf life is limited to about 1 month, and once mixed, they should be used within 3 to 5 days.

　　(10) Heat Resistance: The heat resistance requirements for the varnish depend on the specific application environment. For instance, insulation impregnation varnishes are classified into different heat-resistant grades based on their long-term operating temperature limits, as outlined in the IEC standards:

　　Heat resistance classes: Y, A, E, B, F, H, Class 200, Class 220, Class 240

　　The allowable operating temperatures are 90°C, 105°C, 120°C, 130°C, 155°C, 180°C, 200°C, 220°C, and 240°C.

　　According to UL standards, the classification is as follows:

　　Heat resistance classes: Y, A, E, B, F, H, N, R, S, C

　　Allowable operating temperatures: 90°C, 105°C, 120°C, 130°C, 155°C, 180°C, 200°C, 220°C, 240°C, and above 240°C

　　Y-grade is rarely used, and A and E grades aren't in high demand either—B to F grades are the most commonly utilized. Special-purpose electric motors and power applications (such as those found in mining, metallurgy, and electric tools) primarily rely on F to H grades. Meanwhile, traction motors used in electric locomotives require insulation coatings of H grade or higher. In the Central-South region, B-grade insulation coatings are the most widely used for household appliances.